Utilitarianism A Perfect Theory - Free Essay Example

Given that all sound moral theories are multifaceted outlines for the best methods of action for humanity, we all have our opinions as to which of these theories are valid and which are not. Moreover, given that the innate nature of ethics is subjective, no matter what theory we choose to employ, there will always be an array of negative and positive aspects to them. Simply put, the most accepted definition of utilitarianism is that it is a theory that asserts the best actions are the ones that benefit the majority. On the other hand, another, less popular definition of this theory is that it is a moral framework that asserts that in the cases in which there are no immediate actions that will benefit the greater good, all actions are banned until the proper remedy can be reached. Either way, while this theory has certainly received its fair share of criticisms, I feel they are mostly undeserved. Of all the theories to choose from, in a perfect world, utilitarianism would serve as the foundation for the vast majority of actions being taken. Furthermore, the latter definition also asserts that even if there are actions that can be taken that may provide some short-term benefits, these actions must be avoided unless the long-term outcomes are in favor of the greater good. Although the notion of a utopia has long since been determined to be widely unrealistic, I am of the belief that utilitarianism is the theory that would bring us closest to it. That said, the following is a closer look at my thoughts on this theory and why it should be the prevailing moral theory of the world. To peacefully exist in a society means to, in many ways, be interdependent. No matter how far we evolve in life or how rich and famous we become, we all need other people in order to survive and thrive. For example, no matter how rich a person may be, if he/she is unable to receive medical care when they need it, they will likely become sick and pass away, much like those who live in poverty. Moreover, even the people of the notoriously barbaric, isolated tribe on North Sentinel Island in Andamans depend upon the government, each other, and trusted vendors in order to remain a healthy and thriving society, despite living in virtual isolation. So, in other words, no man is an island. However, while the prevailing attitude seems to champion those who are self-centered and act in their own best interest, this is not the proper way to build a cohesive society. Indeed, by taking one look around the world, and certainly around the country, ?cohesive is not the word I would ever use to describe American culture. Moreover, as we continue to behave in ways that are hurtful or even deadly to ourselves and others, we continue to spread divisiveness, not only at home but abroad as well. However, I propose the use of utilitarianism could be our ultimate solution. On the other hand, the other definition of utilitarianism asserts that we should avoid acting in cases in which the long-term consequences and implications could be to our collective detriment. For instance, if two nations are at war, it would be wise to enact a ?ceasefire rather than allowing other countries to get involved. On the one hand, no matter which side is winning the battle, there are typically countless lives lost on both sides of the equation. So, while it might be tempting for allied countries to join the battle in order to defend their relationship with a particular country as well as other interests, the ultimate result would just be more turmoil and bloodshed for all parties involved. Therefore, the best action would be to stop acting or to prevent the battle from continuing rather than seeking revenge, although that may be the option that provides the most immediate benefits. Should we still be fighting all these wars, given the number of lives that continue to be lost all over the world? Should we continue our widespread dependence on oil despite the massive consequences to ourselves and the environment? Obviously not. However, we have been fighting wars for many decades (or centuries, depending on how you look at it). Furthermore, we continue to use oil as one of the top commodities, due to allowing the interest of a few control the actions of the masses, despite the ill-effect it continues to have on the environment. These actions have been to our own collective detriment. The ozone layer is depleting, climate change is real and active, and people are dying in wars across the globe every single day. Nevertheless, because of the perceived powerlessness of the masses, we continue to suffer in relative silence. To take is a step further, this is all fueled by capitalism, which is a very self-centered system that allows some to get rich at the cost of the livelihood of others. While naysayers of this theory would assert that utilitarianism can, in certain instances, deny us a sense of justice, I would assert that this all depends on what ones idea of justice entails. For instance, some argue that utilitarianism may favor the use of a sacrificial lamb if this means there will be some sort of benefit for the collective. However, these types of arguments seem to ignore the fact that the best short-term outcome is not the same as the greatest good. That is to say, even if using someone as a scapegoat of sacrificial lamb would be a method of avoiding all-out calamity, this is still not the best course of action for the collective. Although making such a move seems like the best action overall, in the long term, this would leave everyone subject to becoming a scapegoat or sacrificial lamb at some point. This is the opposite of what you would expect out of an ethical, well-functioning society. Overall, in a perfect world, utilitarianism would be the most used theory. In order to ensure that we are looking out for our collective best interest, we need to use theories that make us consider the bigger picture. Utilitarianism is the perfect theory because it forces us to put our personal feelings and opinions aside in order to consider how our actions will ultimately impact humanity as a whole.

Top Guide of Online Coursework Writing Service

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Dwight D. Eisenhower - Biography

Annotated Bibliography On The Domestic Cat - 1682 Words

Cat From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the cat species that is commonly kept as a pet. For the cat family, see Felidae. For other uses, see Cat (disambiguation) and Cats (disambiguation). For technical reasons, Cat #1 redirects here. For that album, see Cat 1 (album). Domestic cat[1] Cat poster 1.jpg Various types of domestic cat Conservation status Domesticated Scientific classification e Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae Genus: Felis Species: F. silvestris Subspecies: F. s. catus Trinomial name Felis silvestris catus Linnaeus, 1758[2] Synonyms Felis catus (original combination)[3] Felis catus domestica (invalid junior synonym)[4] The†¦show more content†¦Cats have been known to extirpate a bird species within specific regions and may have contributed to the extinction of isolated island populations.[10] Cats are thought to be primarily responsible for the extinction of 33 species of birds, and the presence of feral and free-ranging cats makes some otherwise suitable locations unsuitable for attempted species reintroduction.[11] Since cats were venerated in ancient Egypt, they were commonly believed to have been domesticated there,[12] but there may have been instances of domestication as early as the Neolithic from around 9,500 years ago (7,500 BC).[13] A genetic study in 2007[14] concluded that all domestic cats are descended from Near Eastern wildcats, having diverged around 8,000 BC in the Middle East.[12][15] A 2016 study found that leopard cats were undergoing domestication independently in China around 5,500 BC, though this line of partially domesticated cats leaves no trace in the domesticated populations of today.[16][17] A 2017 study confirmed that domestic cats are descendants of those first domesticated by farmers in the Near East around 9,000 years ago.[18][19] As of aShow MoreRelatedMacro Economic Analysis of Coca Cola4039 Words   |  17 PagesCoca-Cola has maximized the benefits to strengthen the brand portfolio. This could help the gain of market share position and avoid the left behind with the competitors. However, as Coca-Cola is an innovator and market leader of the beverage market, Copy Cat may follow Coca-Cola to product the new innovation product and spread the profit generate. Defensive Strategic Market Defensive strategic marketing plan was used to protect high market share position and it is useful to help the short-run profit performanceRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pages[ancient Rome; 50 BCE to 500 CE] 31 The Middle Ages [500 to 1500 CE] 31 The European Renaissance [1500-1650 CE] 32 The 17th Century 34 The 18th and Early 19th Centuries 35 The Victorians: The Golden Age 36 Twentieth Century: Widening Worlds 38 9. Bibliography 38 1. Introduction In 1817 Robert Bloomfield, author of The History of Little Davy’s New Hat, wrote: ‘The longer I live †¦ the more I am convinced of the importance of children’s books.’ That similar statements are still being made two hundredRead MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 Pagesthe field. It is available at www.wiley.com/college/montgomery. Student Resource Manual The text contains answers to most of the odd-numbered exercises. A Student Resource Manual is available from John Wiley Sons that presents comprehensive annotated solutions to these same odd-numbered problems. This is an excellent study aid that many text users will find extremely helpful. The Student Resource Manual may be ordered in a set with the text or purchased separately. Contact your local Wiley representativeRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesachieved. Strategic Planning—Thinking and Doing    99 envirOnment—the aSSeSSment What Do You Think? â€Å"Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?† asked Alice. â€Å"That depends a good deal on where you want to get to,† said the Cat. —Alice in Wonderland How can an organization get from where it is now to where it would like to be? What steps must be taken to accomplish that goal? One primary benefit of strategic planning is that it serves as a necessary self-analysis or self-study

Same Sex Marriages Effect On Society - 1685 Words

Abstract Objective: This report discusses same-sex marriages effect on society. Informative Research: On June 25, 2015 the United States Supreme Court ruled the constitutional right to gay marriage. The ruling made the United States the 20th country in the world to approve gay marriage. The first country to make the legalization was the Netherlands in 2001. Massachusetts paved way for allowing gay marriage in the United States in 2004 and was followed thereafter by all but 13 states by February of 2015. Canada is another country allowing gay marriage. Canada made the decision on July 20, 2005. Many Canadian leaders support gay marriage over civil unions. Results: As a result of gay marriage, different parts of society took different viewpoints. Conservatives disagree with the decision while liberals agree. The effect on society however is viewed by the acceptance, adolescents transitioning, and political issues. Conclusions: By further understanding gay marriage and how aspects of society react to it, members of society and society itself reap the benefit of gay marriage. Key words: Gay marriage, same-sex marriage, supreme court, society, acceptance, adolescents Word count: 182 Table of Contents Society And Same-Sex Marriage Introduction Significance On June 25, 2015 the United States (US) Supreme Court (SC) ruled the constitutional right to same-sex marriage (SSM) in a 5-4 decision. The decision affected the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communityShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage Has A Positive Effect On Society Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesSame-sex unions have existed in various forms throughout history. These have ranged from informal and unsanctioned to highly ritualized unions, which included marriage, in places such as Greece, Egypt, and Mesopotamia. In recent years, there has been a push in first world countries to acknowledge and legally accept gay unions and allow them the option of marriage. The modern LGBT+ rights movement started with the Stonewall riots in 1969. The goal was originally just acknowledgement and social acceptanceRead MoreGay Marriage Essay1744 Words   |  7 Pages 02/02/2012 Legalizing same-sex marriage has been a debate going on for quite some time. The recognition of such marriages is a civil rights, political, social, moral, and religious issue in many nations. Since 2001, ten countries have begun allowing same-sex couples to marry nationwide. In the United States the federal government does not recognize same-sex marriage, but such marriages are recognized by some individual states. Proposition 8 in NovemberRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1749 Words   |  7 PagesThe Legalization of Gay Marriage: A Step to Equality Imagine a world where heterosexuals are the minority. Straight people would be the ones fighting for the same rights as homosexuals. Same-sex marriages would be average and normal, while straight marriages would be frowned upon and considered unholy in the eyes of religion. Heterosexuals would be denied service at restaurants because of their sexuality, they would be called derogatory names while holding their partner’s hand and most importantlyRead MoreThe Laws Of Our Society980 Words   |  4 Pages The laws of our society at its best do not depict equality to every substantial entity that graces the land of the United States of America. The turmoil that is documented and/or reported that flourish our different media outlets, struggles in people day to day lives, or the great strain against indivisibility or a simple liberty or justice for all. Everyone will not always agree if ever. Some may choose to be belligerent with their voice—where others may bid for peace. Perhaps is it greener onRead MoreShould Marriage for Same Sex Couples be Legal in United States?1220 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage as generally define is the union between one man and one woman. However a recent debate over same-sex marriage has stirred a nationwide debate reverberating in the halls of Congress, at the White House, in dozens of state courtrooms and legislatures, and is also becoming a speech-making topic for election campaigns at both the national and state levels. As the debate for this contr oversial topic rages on, the American religious community view on the topic remains deeply divided over theRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1411 Words   |  6 Pagesgay marriages is one of the most controversial issues throughout particularly in modern life. This paper, based on secondary research, arguing for legalizing same-sex marriage through specific analysis of its positive influences. In particular, there are two main benefits regarding society as well as economy. The finds of the research indicate that gays or lesbians are completely an important part of society. Therefore, they must have the rights to live and marry legally as other opposite-sex couplesRead MoreThe Debate Over Same Sex Marriage1682 Words   |  7 PagesThe largely debated topic of same-sex relationships have been on the forefront of all U.S. citizen’s minds, including and more specifically of those in the branches of legislature. More states today have begun passing laws that accept and re cognize marriage for this population. This minority group, in some opinions, has been at a disadvantage when it comes to marriage equality. Previous studies have explored this great debate in the United States beginning in the 1970s. The Minnesota Post publishedRead MoreSame Sex Marriage1185 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage is a coming together for better or for worse, hopefully enduring, and intimate to the degree of being sacred. It is an association that promotes a way of life, not causes; a harmony in living, not political faiths; a bilateral loyalty, not commercial or social projects.† (U.S. Supreme Court). Marriage has been defined as a religious legal commitment between a man and woman, as well as an expression of love. Homosexuals have not been allowed to partake in these commitments and the risingRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Essay1348 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage is a commitment between two people who love each other and have chosen to spend the rest o f their lives together, this is a pretty standard view of marriage. How that commitment looks from culture to culture can be very different. In the United States, today, marriage is viewed as a commitment of love and loyalty. Legally it is a binding contract between two people giving them the benefits of marriage i.e. tax benefits and legal decision making benefits. The big controversy facing theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1182 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Margot Bowlby 22 February 2017 Same Sex Marriage Our society today is greatly influenced through controversial issues over same-sex marriage in America, leaving many stumped and concerned about the ongoing conflict. For some time now, it has been an expanding problem to legalize same sex marriage. A vast majority of the population believe that marriage should be between two genders due to it’s being biblical. The opposition upon same-sex marriage has led to the misconception of civil rights

The Cons Of Standardized Testing - 1555 Words

The Standardized Testing System, instituted in the public school system, has been used as a guideline in assessing a student’s comprehension of the subjects taught in the classroom and for measuring a teacher’s aptitude of relating the subject material to the students (Fletcher). Florida has instituted a new Bill SB-736 that will now no longer grant teacher’s tenure, and will use the scores from the FCAT to decide whether a teacher will keep their job. While originally created to help the school system, standardized testing has been shown to have many problems, and even to cause harm to students, teachers, and schools. The standardized testing system must be severely revamped, as well as the way the scores affect the schools the students†¦show more content†¦I have equally high expectations for all of the students in my charge. If a teaching strategy fails to work for a student in my room, I will find an alternative method. After all, I want each student to succeed, no matter what kind of effort I must put forth† (Brennan). This quote epitomizes to me that the teacher will play a heavy part in a student’s success, and this does not always translate over into the test scores. Another situation to factor in is a student who has come from a bad teaching environment and has little education. There is a teaching method called TPR that teaches the students using a system that does not test, but does. This method will have students physically do exercises that involve math problems, Spanish words, etc as a method of learning. This teaching is very effective for those who have learning difficulties, yet how can students who learn in this manner be expected to take the same test as those without these learning disabilities (Nelson). A teacher may help this student in many ways, however the student may have lower scores due to the deficiency of knowledge they possess. The teacher will then be punished for having this student score poorly when in fact they have done nothing but help this student. SB 736 does offer a reward for teachers who are teaching at at-risk schools,Show MoreRelatedThe Cons of Standardized Testing1005 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout high school and college we will go through a vast amount of testing but why? Testing is used to show a person’s amount of knowledge on a particular subject. Usually it’s for one specific subject and not a majority of them, standardized tests administered in schools today include all testable subjects as in English, Math, Science, Writing, and Reading. However, before we can all take the next step and begin our college careers, we have to take one of two tests, the ACT or the SATRead MorePros And Cons Of Standardized Testing801 Words   |  4 Pagescontroversial topic Since Middle School, I was not opposed to standardized testing. I thought of it as a way of testing us of what we have learned. Although, after reading some articles about standardized testing I am re-thinking the pros and cons. From personal experience, I thought of it as a challenge to pass them. But now that reminisce about it, I noticed some of the cons of standardized testing. I remember having a week or two dedicated for testing, and in case of students failing they had to take timeRead MorePros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1400 Words   |  6 PagesEven though there are many downsides to standardized testing there are still viable reasons why they are still being used today. One of the main reasons includes the easy and quick access of testing students. Standardized testing allows schools to quickly access a large amount of students at one time. This is also one of the cheapest ways to tests such a large crowd due to machinery that grades which results in low tests costs f or students. These tests also help by setting a national curriculum forRead MorePros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1025 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are standardized tests? Standardized tests are exams that are administered, scored, and interpreted in the same way for all students. Now there are many pros and cons of standardized testing however, I believe that public and private schools should just abolish standardized testing all together. These tests determine a student’s academic performance and each student is given the same test with the same questions and answers. These tests are designed to measure the students learning capabilitiesRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing1050 Words   |  5 Pageseducational world is standardized tests. All fifty states have their own standards following the common core curriculum. There are many positives and negatives that go with the standardized tests. A standardized test is any type of â€Å"examination thats administ ered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner† (Popham, 1999). These standardized tests are either aptitude tests or achievement tests. Schools use achievement tests to compare students. There are pros to standardized examinations as toolsRead MorePros and Cons of Standardized Testing583 Words   |  2 PagesStandardized testing has its pros and cons I do not believe in it but I will give you proof for and against the testing. We will cover some the history and where the testing came from and why we do it. I will talk a little bit of how I feel about testing and how much we should focus on how the students do on the test. I have interviewed a few teachers that I had when I went to school and some personal friends that are teachers now and how it effects how they teach. Most historians trace the beginningRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesStandardized testing is a down fall to many students but also an opportunity for many others. Standardized testing has its pros and its cons. It can be the make it or break it factor into getting into colleges you are hoping to attend or the scholarships you want to earn. Some people may have their opinions about the test, whether they hate it or not but the fact is that it’s here to stay. What exactly is standardized testing you may ask, it is a test which measures the knowledge among differentRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1295 Words   |  6 Pages many colleges have begun to make standardized testing optional. Skeptics of standardized tests claim that higher test scores are not always an accurate indicator of intelligence but rather are more closely associated with socio-economic status (Milligan 2015). In 2013, Ithaca College made the decision to go completely test optional. Thomas Rochen, the President of Ithaca, explained that many students refrain from applying to schools that require testing if they are poor test takers or didRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1302 Words   |  6 Pages Standardized Testing is a regulation of rigorous dialogue and debate. Both sides of this subject impose arguments based upon moral and financial justifications, and span from the local to national level of legislation. The policy of standardized testing as a means to identify schools who are lacking in successful educational processes neither harm school districts through unequal distribution of power, nor negatively affect students’ learning; rather, it benefits students, faculty, and districtsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing794 Words   |  4 Pageswhy school testing should happen more frequently and why parents and teachers should be less fearful of standardized tests. For educators and parents, testing means standardized testing: a tool wielded by politicians and administrators to terrify children and teachers. W hen cognitive psychologists hear the word testing, they think immediately of the testing effect — one of the best learning strategies. In this quote, the authors make a separation between testing and standardized testing. They bring

Infection Prevention and Control Level

Question: Discuss about theInfection Prevention and Control Level. Answer: Introduction: This essay aims to analyze critically a qualitative and a quantitative research literature for supporting research development. The method of research critique will be utilized for analyzing the different components of the two articles and determining their significance in the research field. At first, the analysis of the two research articles will be done followed by a critical analysis. The essay will first define research critique and will make the readers understand regarding the research findings. For analyzing every section of a literature, an appropriate framework is needed (Parahoo, 2014).A summary will be provided after critically analyzing the two articles. Subsequently, this essay will critique a compulsory section of this article along with the other three sections for evaluating the findings of the research. The reviewing of the other parts includes introduction, literature review and discussion. The essay will critique the two research articles by considering the framew ork of research. Research Critique A research critique is concerned with the evaluation of content of the research papers. It involves the identification of problem, finding out specific questions, studying the theoretical and analytical approaches of the study and evaluating the findings along with the significance. The summary of a research critique involves the personal study and evaluation of the research articles by the authors. The arrangement cannot be similar that a research critique includes only errors in a report; comparatively it may be principally positive. It helps for analysing the weakness and strength of a specific research article. It also assists to identify repetitions, unrelated information and grammatical errors and overall writing style. It is carried out for a number of reasons, for example, when a research paper is all set to be published and for commenting on the research wok prior to publication. In some cases, it helps the emerging scholars in gaining experience, learning and developing the research skills (Fitzgerald, 2012). Summary of the First Article The first article titled Barriers to nurses adherence to central venous catheter guidelines by Jeffrey Picker (2014) is a qualitative research study which has included a descriptive method. This study has involved then participants and the collection of data has been carried out through interview. The analysis of data was performed with the help of Coloaizzis method. This study has aimed to explore the perceived barriers of nurses for adhering to the standard care practice s of Central Venous Catheters (CVCs). The key findings of this study have suggested that the barriers of adherence are potentially able to produce errors and restrict the nurses to provide a high-quality care to the patients. Critique The key findings of this study have suggested that the barriers of adherence are potentially able to produce errors and restrict the nurses to provide a high-quality care to the patients. The researchers with the logical development of the rationale and understanding of the study have done a detailed review of the cited articles. There has been an integrated assessment of all the articles and the researchers have identified the gaps between the knowledge and practice of the nursing professionals. By making a comparison with the other studies, it has been discovered by the researchers that this study has a minor susceptibility to predisposition because it is more rigorous and hence, it the current knowledge has been extended with the basis for less significant deviation. The method of research utilized by the researchers together with exploration of general credibility has highlighted the apparent barriers of the nurses explicitly. Justification These signify the logic, which has been maintained by the researchers throughout the study to provide a reliable understanding regarding the aim of the research with the purpose of the interventions to establish the hypothesis of the research. The researcher has discussed the discussion regarding post-insertion bleeding as a side effect, though no intervention has been suggested to reduce or avoid this bleeding that could have made this study more practical and safety oriented. A clear demonstration regarding the infections associated with the catheters and the significance of CVCs in managing the severely ill patients has been given by the introduction of this article. Summary of the Second Article The second research article titled A comparative evaluation of antimicrobial-coated versus non-antimicrobial coated peripherally inserted central catheters on associated outcomes: A randomized controlled trial by Storey et al. (2016) is a quantitative study. The sample populations of this study comprised the patients who were randomly selected and placed with PICC line in the body. The study involved 167 patients from the three high-risk units and was allocated to receive either a non-CHG or a CHG impregnated line. The collection of data was carried out in the form of laboratory and the patients were reviewed regularly. The study was designed to compare the effects of non-CHG and CHG lines on the development of CLABSI and VTE. The findings of the study revealed that no major differences were observed in the development of CLABSI and VTE by using both the lines. Critique The researchers have developed a coherent development regarding the understanding of the topic with respect to the existing knowledge. This is apparent from the fact that a challenge is presented by the PICC lines in the clinical practice because of the development of complications. Hence, it is necessary for identifying the impact of CHG and non-CHG groups on the development of complications and their successive prevention (Sandrucci Mussa, 2014).It relates the review with the research problem directly and after reviewing, the identification of gaps has been done by summarizing the publications of the research. The development of VTE, CLABSI and post-insertion bleeding has been discussed by the researchers. This provided a thorough assessment regarding the findings of the study and associated them with the findings from another study for gaining knowledge. Justification The findings of this have reflected the different factors that have emerged in the form of contextual factors and cognitive barriers, which were later, associated with the main subject of this study. It can be affirmed form the study that the authors could have underlined some additional things regarding the role of the healthcare organizations to facilitate the barriers that are faced by the nurses as it could have presented a clear image about the issue. In addition to this, the study carried out in this research article is logical and well-linked. It has been exhibited by the introduction of this study that every year several patients die because of medical errors and the need for the nurses to adhere to the guidelines of the practices of standard care along with their responsibility for minimizing the errors. General Credibility (Compulsory Section) The general credibility of the research method can be stated in the way that the research method clearly explored the aim of the research in the study. It is apparent from the fact that the researchers have established an apparent and consistent association between the research aim and findings of the study. The study intended to investigate the impact of both the PICC lines on the arising of problems and the findings advocated no major variations mong both the lines resulting in the development of problems. These signify the logic, which has been maintained by the researchers throughout the study to provide a reliable understanding regarding the aim of the research with the purpose of the interventions to establish the hypothesis of the research. Optional Sections Introduction The first article titled Barriers to nurses adherence to central venous catheter guidelines by Jeffrey Picker (2014) is a qualitative research study which has included a descriptive method. This study has involved then participants and the collection of data has been carried out through interview. The analysis of data was performed with the help of Coloaizzis method. This study has aimed to explore the perceived barriers of nurses for adhering to the standard care practice s of Central Venous Catheters (CVCs). The second research article titled A comparative evaluation of antimicrobial-coated versus non-antimicrobial coated peripherally inserted central catheters on associated outcomes: A randomized controlled trial by Storey et al. (2016) is a quantitative study. The sample populations of this study comprised the patients who were randomly selected and placed with PICC line in the body. Literature Review The literature review systematically reviewed the articles to demonstrate the factors of risk that leads to infection and identifying the patients who are prone to develop infections. A coherent development regarding the understanding of the topic with respect to the existing knowledge has been developed by the researchers. This is apparent from the fact that a challenge is presented by the PICC lines in the clinical practice because of the development of complications. Hence, it is necessary for identifying the impact of CHG and non-CHG groups on the development of complications and their successive prevention (Sandrucci Mussa, 2014).It relates the review with the research problem directly and after reviewing, the identification of gaps has been done by summarizing the publications of the research. Discussion of the Study The results of the study along with their implications and limitations has been analysed by the discussion of the study. It has been associated with the other studies that have been reviewed in the in the background section which assisted in the identification of variables such as resource availability, staffing and documentation. It has been identified that the nurses have an awareness regarding the barriers to standard care practices. Besides the strength, the found weakness was the limitation of the study, which has been recognized properly with recommendations for future research. The discussion regarding the implications of the study has been done that enhanced the validity of the study and they have been proposed by keeping in consideration the complex environments of healthcare. Application to New Zealand Context The two articles involved Central Venous Catheter (CVC), while one of them is concerned with the guidelines by the nurses along with the development of complications such as VTE and CLABSI because of the utilization of PICC lines. The rationales for future research in this area have been provided by these studies. The significant international experiences have been used for reducing the infections that are acquired by healthcare by the Health Quality and Safety Commission of New Zealand (Sturm Antonakis, 2015). The information for helping the healthcare professionals in preventing the infections that re associated with CVC has been provided by this commission. It is clear that in New Zealand; evidence-based guidelines are not followed that brings about differences in the clinical practices. As a result, it is necessary that the nurses along with the other professionals of healthcare should assess the guidelines to ensure the availability of the best evidence (Taylor et al., 2014). T he barriers that are perceived by the nurses in their daily practices must be reduced to facilitate them for adhering to the standard practices of care to minimize the complications associated with CVC (LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2014).The awareness and knowledge of the nurses can be enhanced by the upgrading of the consistency by developing a model to ensure than evidence-based interventions are received by the patients (Vasudevan, Oddie McGuire, 2016). The healthcare organizations can utilize the findings of these quantitative and qualitative studies for enhancing the quality of care offered to the patients. In order to adhere with the guidelines of management of CVCs, the nurses need to work hard since they are aware regarding the barriers for implementing an evidence-based protocol (Taylor et al., 2014). Conclusion (Compulsory Section) To conclude, by critically analysing the two research articles, it is apparent that in healthcare settings, safe delivery of care is a priority and the main role of the nursing professionals. Negligence in the care of the patients can result in the development bloodstream infections. In order to prevent this from taking place, the orientation of the healthcare organizations together with an official training will play a significant role to provide the essential tools that are needed for carrying out safe practices. They should identify and eliminate the barriers for ensuring the safety of the patient in an efficient manner. References Diggery, R. C. (2012).Catheters: Types, applications and potential complicationsNova Science Publishers, Inc. Dougherty, L., Lister, S. (2015).The Royal Marsden manual of clinical nursing procedures. John Wiley Sons. Fawcett, J. Garity, J. (2009). Evaluating research for evidence-based nursing practice. 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